Yea the wrong part about that is "a few steps up". That tells the interviewer you EXPECT to be promoted consistently while barely doing the time required. Most companies, being promoted 3 times in 5 years is a massive jump. It's fine to be ambitious but keep it more ambiguous. Say something like "I hope to learn and grow in the role and become a leader in <department> among my peers". That leaves the door open to promotion to supervisor, shows ambition but without being arrogant about it.
Yeah, for me there wasn't a wrong part about my answer. If given the chance again, I'd answer exactly the same. The level of position I was in/applying for didn't have much of a jump to get to a supervisor role, so if within 5 years was too ambitious, I didn't want to be there. Probably helped that I could be selective - I was job searching because I wanted the right fit, not cause I needed a job.
As an occasional interviewer in a supervisory role now, I'd MUCH prefer a candidate with <5 year supervisor aspirations themselves as opposed to someone with a canned response or mediocre goals - tells me they have confidence in their abilities & want to grow. If they're good enough to actually do that in our organization, great. If not, best of luck with your next venture.