I know you need to mention it in every post, but do you really think throwing out the standards is going to happen?
Where do you get your reliability information from? Are engines, major components failing now at a higher rate than the 80s, or is it all of the electronics and safety stuff being added that impacts perception of reliability?
Highly unlikely of the standards getting tossed. It would take a 100% overturn of congress and the WH, and by margins wide enough to be unchallenged for the foreseeable future. In addition there's a lot of cronyism tied to the status quo as well. For example, the ethanol industry benefits from stricter CAFE standards. DC is a kleptocracy.
The best we can hope for is that they leave things where they're at and quit ******* with stuff. At least that way, continual process improvement can operate in the current framework and build a better mouse trap.
Where do I get my reliability info from? Experience. I appraise/buy several hundred cars a month. My core market is vehicles 6-10 years old, so I get to see everything after they're seasoned and the factory warranty is long gone. Much of what I learn comes when I unknowingly buy something that has a problem, but I make an effort to learn from conversations with my peers who inherit similar problems. The industry is so competitive that if you don't know and don't learn, you go broke.
As for your last question, it's a mixed bag. The 80's will forever be known as the worst decade in auto manufacturing history. There were some good cars then, but most were not. Generally speaking, they have gotten more reliable, and electronics have played a large role in that. But there was a sweet spot where the level of electronics was not that advanced and mechanical designs were simple enough to offer good reliability, and more importantly, a lower cost of repair.
IMO environmental regulations have hurt reliability in electronic components as much as anything. Most importantly, the move away from lead based solder used on circuit boards. The solder used today is more brittle, and the net result is that when you put them in cars that are going to be exposed to temps ranging from -20 to 140 and jarred from driving on rough roads, they're going to have a shortened lifecycle. If the failed part is the control module for your power seat, it isn't a big deal. But let's say it's for your power windows, and rather than being part of the master switch, it's hardwired alongside a bunch other modules into your under dash fuse panel (2013 Sorentos) it instantly goes from being a $100 part to a $1900 part. None of those things will leave you stranded, but how exactly do you weigh reliability when a certain repair will cost 5x-10x more when it occurs? But of course they're continually improving circuit board designs as well, and that's a good thing because in 10 years there will be three times as many of them in a new vehicle.
This is all probably WAY more than you wanted to know, but your interest seems genuine. Cars today COULD be even more reliable. But they're not because it a hypercompetitive industry with razor thin margins. The consumer doesn't know what makes one part more reliable and less expensive than another, and even if they did, many would chose to not pay the extra cost. It's a constant balancing act for manufacturers. There's a term coined for how they deal with it. What's it called? Oh yeah, planned obsolescence. lol