You know better than lumping all of the "Islamic world" together here. You comments about democracy threatening people’s fundamental beliefs are probably true for Saudi Arabia, Yemen, etc. They are not true for the government of Turkey, and my sense is that they are not true for the vast majority of the population of Iran, Afganistan, etc. Iraq seems to be a mixed bag. I think diplomatic efforts to promote democracy can be very effective in this region. But it will of course take a long time.
Regarding China, they appear to figure that they invented everything and know everything best, so they just don't like meddling by the West, whether it is in regards to forms of government or anything else. I think that they'll continue to move towards democracy, but it will be a very Chinese democracy, based on millennia of Chinese government tradition. Promoting Western ideas in China is probably rather pointless and likely to be counterproductive.