I looked at the NCAA rule book; it only says the ball must pass “between the uprights,” as you said - and the approved ruling/interpretation section doesn’t cover the topic at all.
Official review training videos make the statement that “the entire ball” must pass inside the upright for the kick to be good; but if the kick is higher than the upright, it’s not reviewable (so if the ball passes over the top of the upright and the official signals it’s good or no good, that’s the call, it can’t be reviewed).
The NFL rulebook clearly states if the ball is above the uprights, the entire ball must be inside the outer edge of the upright for it to be good. If any part of the ball is outside the upright, it’s no good.
This seems to essentially be the same rule as the NCAA, but it’s made clearer.