Okay so here is the download on the Netherlands:
1) Amsterdam is the most fun you can have anywhere, but don't just spend all your time in the red light district, Leidseplein is way way better and more fun, go to the Cooldown Cafe (AKA De Kleine) on Leidsedwarsstraat. Spend some time on Museumplein and see the Rijksmuseum, one of the 5 or 6 truly world class museums in the world (better than the Louvre IMO) Walk around the city center of Amsterdam during the day the architecture is awesome.
2) Utrecht is a student city of about 350K and is a lot of fun, think of it as a smaller Amsterdam with a younger crowd. Utrecht is also the center of the rail network for the Netherlands so travel is convenient.
3) on travel within the Netherlands: YES the country is very small (2/3 the size of Iowa) so you can go end to end in a day and just stay somewhere in the center of the country. Check out Groningen for some fun (Another student city 200k population) it's also a bit different culture in the north (Friesland). On the other end of the country go to Maastricht, the city is over 2000 years old and still has the Roman wall as well as some really cool shops.
4) Food, the Dutch know their drunk food, fried everything is in order, Try the bitterballen (not actually bitter), Krokete, Frikandele, and obviously Dutch fries ( go to manneken pis in Amsterdam on damsweg as you walk back to the station from the RLD or Leidseplein. They also have Febo, which really needs to have an Ames location.
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/FEBO
5) Rent a bike and see the country by Cycle (Fiets in het Nederlands) you can bike literally everywhere and you have right of way even over cars.
6) See Amsterdam from the canals, if you have a friend with a boat in Amsterdam go to the Albert Heijn (Hy-Vee) grab a crate of Heineken, Grolsch, Brand, or Hertog Jan (10-14 EUR for 24 bottles) and some bread with various toppings (kip kerrie, kip satay, kip sambal) and just put put around the city. If you don't know someone with a boat then just take a tour boat.
7) Everyone speaks english, especially in Amsterdam, 95% of the country is fluent in English and dutch isn't really that far off anyway. a little bit of effort goes a long ways though.